CWE-1096: Singleton Class Instance Creation without Proper Locking or Synchronization

What is Singleton Class Instance Creation without Proper Locking or Synchronization?

• Overview: This vulnerability occurs when a Singleton design pattern is used without proper locking or synchronization, leading to the possibility that the singleton instance might be created more than once in a multi-threaded environment.

• Exploitation Methods:

• Attackers can exploit this vulnerability by forcing the execution of multiple threads to create multiple instances of the singleton class.
• Common attack patterns include triggering race conditions between threads to bypass the singleton's intended single-instance constraint.

• Security Impact:

• Direct consequences of successful exploitation include multiple instances of the singleton class, which can lead to inconsistent program states.
• Potential cascading effects involve deadlock or livelock conditions, impacting application reliability and performance.
• Business impact might include system crashes or unintended behavior that could affect user trust and system integrity.

• Prevention Guidelines:

• Specific code-level fixes include implementing proper locking mechanisms like synchronized blocks or methods to ensure only one instance is created.
• Security best practices involve using volatile variables or double-checked locking to prevent race conditions.
• Recommended tools and frameworks include using concurrency utilities provided by languages, such as Java's java.util.concurrent package, to manage synchronization safely.

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Technical Details

Likelihood of Exploit: Not specified

Affected Languages: Not specified

Affected Technologies: Not specified